Events 1444 -
Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King
Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw III of Poland) are crushed by the
Turks under Sultan
Murad II and Vladislaus is killed.1520 - Danish
King Christian II executes dozens of people in the
Stockholm Bloodbath after a successful invasion of
Sweden.
1619 -
René Descartes has the dreams that inspire his
Meditations on First Philosophy.1674 -
Anglo-Dutch War: As provided in the
Treaty of Westminster,
Netherlands cedes
New Netherlands to
England.
1766 - The last Colonial governor of
New Jersey,
William Franklin, signs the charter of Queen's College (later renamed
Rutgers University).
1775 -
American Revolutionary War: The
Continental Congress passes a resolution creating two battalions of Continental Marines (later renamed the
United States Marine Corps) to serve as landing troops for the recently created Continental Navy.
1792 -
The White House: Construction begins by placing of the cornerstone.
1865 - Major
Henry Wirz, the superintendent of a prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, is
hanged, becoming the only
American Civil War soldier
executed for
war crimes.
1871 -
Henry Morton Stanley locates missing explorer and missionary, Dr.
David Livingstone in
Ujiji, near
Lake Tanganyika saying "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"
1910 - The date of
Thomas A. Davis' openning of the
San Diego Army and Navy Academy, though the official founding date is
November 23, 1910.
1919 - The first national convention of the
American Legion is held in
Minneapolis, Minnesota (convention ended on
November 12).
1924 -
Dion O'Banion, leader of the
North Side Gang is assassinated in his flower shop by members of
Johnny Torrio's gang, sparking the bloody gang war of the 1920s in Chicago.
1928 -
Michinomiya Hirohito is crowned the 124th
Emperor of Japan, Emperor Showa. 1928 - Playing against Army at
Yankee Stadium,
Notre Dame football coach
Knute Rockne gives what is considered the greatest locker room speeches of all time by saying "Win one for the
Gipper." The
Fighting Irish would win the game 12-6.
1938 -
Kate Smith, on her weekly radio show, sings
Irving Berlin's
God Bless America for the first time.
1940 -
Walt Disney begins serving as an informer for the
Los Angeles office of the
FBI; his job is to report back information on
Hollywood subversives.
1942 -
World War II:
Germany invades
Vichy France following French Admiral
François Darlan agreement to an armistice with the
Allies in
North Africa.
1944 - Ammunition ship
USS Mount Hood (AE-11) exploded at Seeadler Harbour,
Manus,
Admiralty Islands 1945 -
Heavy battle in
Surabaya between
Indonesian nationalists and returning colonialists after World War II, celebrated as Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan).
1951 - Direct-dial coast-to-coast
telephone service begins in the
United States.
1954 - U.S. President
Dwight D. Eisenhower dedicates the
USMC War Memorial (Iwo Jima memorial) in
Arlington National Cemetery.
1958 - The
Hope Diamond was donated to the
Smithsonian Institution by
New York diamond merchant
Harry Winston.
1969 -
National Educational Television (the predecessor to the
Public Broadcasting Service) in the
United States debuts the children's
television program
Sesame Street.
1970 -
Vietnam War:
Vietnamization - For the first time in five years, an entire week ends with no reports of
American combat fatalities in
Southeast Asia. 1970 - Soviet Lunar probe
Lunokhod 1 launched.
1971 - In
Cambodia,
Khmer Rouge forces attack the city
Phnom Penh and its airport, killing 44, wounding at least 30 and damaging nine
airplanes.
1972 -
Southern Airways Flight 49 from
Birmingham is
hijacked and, at one point, is threatened with crashing into the nuclear installation at the
Oak Ridge National Laboratory. After two days, the plane lands in
Havana,
Cuba, where the hijackers are jailed by
Fidel Castro.
1975 - The 729-foot-long freighter
SS Edmund Fitzgerald sinks during a storm on
Lake Superior, killing all 29 crew on board. 1975 -
United Nations Resolution 3379:
United Nations General Assembly approves a resolution equating
Zionism with
racism (the resolution was repealed in December
1991 with
Resolution 4686).
1995 - In
Nigeria, playwright and environmental activist
Ken Saro-Wiwa along with eight others from the
Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (Mosop) are hanged by government forces.
1997 -
WorldCom and
MCI Communications announce a $37 billion merger (the largest merger in US history at the time).
2006 -
Sri Lankan Tamil Parliamentarian
Nadarajah Raviraj assassinated in
Colombo.
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